corelang/ast.cpp

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// AST
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
enum Ast_Kind: U32{
  AST_NONE,

  AST_PACKAGE,

  AST_VALUE,
  AST_CAST,
  AST_IDENT,
  AST_INDEX,
  AST_UNARY,
  AST_BINARY,
  AST_CALL_ITEM,
  AST_CALL,

  AST_POINTER,
  AST_ARRAY,
  AST_FOR,
  AST_IF,
  AST_IF_NODE,
  AST_RETURN,
  AST_BLOCK,
  AST_PASS,
  AST_LAMBDA,
  AST_LAMBDA_ARG,
  AST_ENUM,
  AST_ENUM_MEMBER,
  AST_STRUCT,
  AST_CONST,
  AST_VAR,
};

typedef U32 Ast_Flag;
enum{
  AST_EXPR = bit_flag(1),
  AST_STMT = bit_flag(2),
  AST_BINDING = bit_flag(3),
  AST_AGGREGATE = bit_flag(4),
  AST_AGGREGATE_CHILD = bit_flag(5),
  AST_ITEM_INCLUDED = bit_flag(6),
  AST_ATOM = bit_flag(7),
  AST_FOREIGN = bit_flag(8),
};

struct Ast{
  U64 id;
  Token *pos;

  Ast_Kind kind;
  Ast *parent;
  Ast_Flag flags;
};

struct Ast_Resolved_Type;
struct Ast_Expr:Ast{};

#define VALUE_FIELDS             \
Ast_Resolved_Type *type;         \
union{                           \
  bool               bool_val;   \
  F64                f64_val;    \
  Intern_String      intern_val; \
  BigInt             big_int_val;\
  Ast_Resolved_Type *type_val;   \
};
#define INLINE_VALUE_FIELDS union{Value value; struct{VALUE_FIELDS};}
struct Value{VALUE_FIELDS};
  // BigInt             big_int_val;

struct Ast_Atom: Ast_Expr{
  INLINE_VALUE_FIELDS;
};

struct Ast_Call_Item: Ast_Expr{
  Ast_Atom *name; // index | name
  Ast_Expr *index;
  Ast_Expr *item;
};

struct Ast_Call: Ast_Expr{
  Ast_Resolved_Type *type; // @todo: to map
  Ast_Expr *name;
  Array<Ast_Call_Item *> exprs;
};

struct Ast_Unary: Ast_Expr{
  Token_Kind op;
  Ast_Expr *expr;
  U64 padding[3]; // For folding constants into atoms
};

struct Ast_Cast: Ast_Expr{
  Ast_Expr *expr;
  Ast_Expr *typespec;
};

struct Ast_Index: Ast_Expr{
  Ast_Expr *expr;
  Ast_Expr *index;
};

struct Ast_Binary: Ast_Expr{
  Token_Kind op;
  Ast_Expr *left;
  Ast_Expr *right;
};

// Problem: We are parsing out of order, in the middle of parsing a function
// we can jump down a different function, we cant therfore use global map.
// Each scope needs to have it's checked locals list. To lookup syms we need to
// look into global scope and to the locals list.
//

struct Ast_Block : Ast {
  // Stmts for global scope
  Array<Ast *> stmts;
  // Array<Ast_Named *> members;
};

struct Ast_Return: Ast{
  Ast_Expr *expr;
};

struct Ast_If_Node: Ast{
  Ast_Expr  *expr ;
  Ast_Block *block;
  Ast_Binary*init;
};

struct Ast_If: Ast{
  Array<Ast_If_Node *> ifs;
};

struct Ast_Pass: Ast{};

struct Ast_For: Ast{
  Ast_Expr *init;
  Ast_Expr *cond;
  Ast_Expr *iter;
  Ast_Block *block;
};

struct Ast_Lambda_Arg: Ast_Expr{
  Intern_String name;
  Ast_Expr *typespec;
  Ast_Expr *default_value;
};

struct Ast_Lambda : Ast_Expr {
  Array<Ast_Lambda_Arg *> args;
  Ast_Expr               *ret;
  Ast_Block              *block;
  B32                     has_var_args;
};

struct Ast_Array: Ast_Expr{
  Ast_Expr *base;
  Ast_Expr *expr;
};

struct Ast_Named:Ast{
  Intern_String name;
};

enum Ast_Decl_State{
  DECL_NOT_RESOLVED,
  DECL_RESOLVED,
  DECL_RESOLVING,
};

/*
How does current declaration order resolver works:
* First we put all the global declarations into the global scope (when parsing) all unresolved
  * All the types are declared INCOMPLETE and RESOLVED
* We descent the tree by resolving each of the named declarations, we resolve by their name
  When we start resolving we set RESOLVING flag and when we complete RESOLVED flag
  and put into ordered list
* When we meet a symbol (named declaration) while descending the tree,
  we resolve that symbol instead before resolving current declaration.
* When we meet a declaration that requires size of a type - field access, var assignment,
  we need to call "complete_type", it sets COMPLETING flag.
  This call resolves all the dependencies of that type,
  sets size of type and marks it as COMPLETE and puts into ordered list.
  If it detects COMPLETING while
  resolving, we got a circular dependency. That might happen when we have
  that struct without pointer inside itself.



We need a new algorithm to process structs
we probably want default values so constants
can be evaluated first, also it's pretty weird that
only top scope gets special treatment

Idea 1
New algorithm, at some point in a constant we might
see the struct inside which is the constant. struct is
unresolved so we probably call resolve_name on struct
and struct continues resolving omitting already resolved and
declaration that requires the struct size. Problem is what happens
when we meet a member that references a constant and that constant
has reference to struct.

Idea 2
We resolve first members without default values, we add to queue dependencies
then we resolve constants. And at the end we resolve the queued values.
*/

struct Ast_Scope{
  Array<Ast_Decl *> resolved;
  Array<Ast *>      children;
  Array<Ast *>      constants;

};

struct Ast_Decl: Ast{
  Ast_Decl_State state;
  // kind:AST_CONST: subkind:AST_STRUCT, AST_ENUM, AST_EXPR(can be TYPE_TYPE), AST_LAMBDA
  // kind:AST_VAR  : subkind:AST_EXPR, AST_LAMBDA
  Intern_String name;
  Ast_Kind sub_kind;
  Ast_Scope *scope;
  Ast_Resolved_Type *type;
};

struct Ast_Var: Ast_Named{
  Ast_Expr *typespec;
  Ast_Expr *expr;
};

struct Ast_Const;
struct Ast_Resolved_Type;
struct Ast_Struct: Ast{
  // Required to be Ast_Struct or Ast_Var or Ast_Const
  Array<Ast_Var *> members;
  Array<Ast_Const *> const_members;
  Ast_Resolved_Type *type;
};

struct Ast_Enum_Member: Ast{
  Intern_String name;
  Ast_Expr *value;
};

struct Ast_Enum: Ast{
  Ast_Expr *typespec;
  Array<Ast_Enum_Member *> members;
};

struct Ast_Const: Ast_Named{
  union{
    Ast *ast;
    Ast_Expr *value;
    Ast_Struct *agg;
    Ast_Enum *enu;
  };
};

struct Ast_Package:Ast{
  Intern_String name;
  Array<Ast_Named *> decls;
  Array<Ast_Named *> ordered;
};

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// AST Constructors beginning with expressions
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define AST_NEW(T,ikind,ipos,iflags)                                   \
  Ast_##T *result = exp_alloc_type(pctx->perm, Ast_##T, AF_ZeroMemory);\
  result->flags   = iflags;                                            \
  result->kind    = AST_##ikind;                                       \
  result->pos     = ipos;                                              \
  result->id      = ++pctx->unique_ids

function Ast_Atom *
ast_str(Token *pos, Intern_String string){
  AST_NEW(Atom, VALUE, pos, AST_EXPR | AST_ATOM);
  result->type = untyped_string;
  result->intern_val = string;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Atom *
ast_ident(Token *pos, Intern_String string){
  AST_NEW(Atom, IDENT, pos, AST_EXPR | AST_ATOM);
  result->intern_val = string;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Atom *
ast_bool(Token *pos, B32 bool_val){
  AST_NEW(Atom, VALUE, pos, AST_EXPR | AST_ATOM);
  result->bool_val = bool_val;
  result->type     = untyped_bool;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Atom *
ast_float(Token *pos, F64 value){
  AST_NEW(Atom, VALUE, pos, AST_EXPR | AST_ATOM);
  result->type = untyped_float;
  result->f64_val = value;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Atom *
ast_int(Token *pos, BigInt val){
  AST_NEW(Atom, VALUE, pos, AST_EXPR | AST_ATOM);
  result->type = untyped_int;
  result->big_int_val = bigint_copy(pctx->perm, &val);
  return result;
}

function Ast_Atom *
ast_int(Token *pos, U64 value){
  return ast_int(pos, bigint_u64(value));
}

function Ast_Expr *
ast_expr_binary(Ast_Expr *left, Ast_Expr *right, Token *op){
  AST_NEW(Binary, BINARY, op, AST_EXPR);
  result->op    = op->kind;
  result->left  = left;
  result->right = right;
  result->left->parent = result;
  if(result->right) result->right->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Call *
ast_call(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *name, Array<Ast_Call_Item *> exprs){
  AST_NEW(Call, CALL, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->name = name;
  result->exprs = exprs.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  if(result->name) result->name->parent = result;
  For(result->exprs) it->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Call_Item *
ast_call_item(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *index, Ast_Atom *name, Ast_Expr *item){
  AST_NEW(Call_Item, CALL_ITEM, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->name  = name;
  result->index = index;
  result->item  = item;
  if(result->name)  result->name->parent = result;
  if(result->index) result->index->parent = result;
  item->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Expr *
ast_expr_cast(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *expr, Ast_Expr *typespec){
  AST_NEW(Cast, CAST, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->flags = AST_EXPR;
  result->expr     = expr;
  result->typespec = typespec;
  expr->parent = result;
  typespec->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Expr *
ast_expr_unary(Token *pos, Token_Kind op, Ast_Expr *expr){
  AST_NEW(Unary, UNARY, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->flags = AST_EXPR;
  result->expr = expr;
  result->op   = op;
  expr->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Expr *
ast_expr_index(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *expr, Ast_Expr *index){
  AST_NEW(Index, INDEX, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->flags = AST_EXPR;
  result->expr = expr;
  result->index = index;
  expr->parent = result;
  index->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Lambda *
ast_lambda(Token *pos, Array<Ast_Lambda_Arg *> params, B32 has_var_args, Ast_Expr *ret, Ast_Block *block){
  AST_NEW(Lambda, LAMBDA, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->flags = AST_EXPR;
  result->args  = params.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  result->block = block;
  result->ret   = ret;
  result->has_var_args = has_var_args;
  if(!ret) result->ret = ast_ident(result->pos, intern_void);

  if(result->block) result->block->parent = result;
  result->ret->parent = result;
  For(result->args) it->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Lambda_Arg *
ast_expr_lambda_arg(Token *pos, Intern_String name, Ast_Expr *typespec, Ast_Expr *default_value){
  AST_NEW(Lambda_Arg, LAMBDA_ARG, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->flags            = AST_EXPR;
  result->name             = name;
  result->typespec         = typespec;
  result->default_value    = default_value;
  result->typespec->parent = result;
  if(result->default_value) result->default_value->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Block *
ast_block(Token *pos, Array<Ast *> stmts){
  AST_NEW(Block, BLOCK, pos, AST_STMT);
  result->stmts = stmts.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  For(result->stmts) it->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_If *
ast_if(Token *pos, Array<Ast_If_Node *> ifs){
  AST_NEW(If, IF, pos, AST_STMT);
  result->ifs = ifs.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  For(result->ifs) it->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_For *
ast_for(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *init, Ast_Expr *cond, Ast_Expr *iter, Ast_Block *block){
  AST_NEW(For, FOR, pos, AST_STMT);
  result->init = init;
  result->cond = cond;
  result->iter = iter;
  result->block = block;
  if(result->init) result->init->parent = result;
  if(result->cond) result->cond->parent = result;
  if(result->iter) result->iter->parent = result;
  result->block->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Pass *
ast_pass(Token *pos){
  AST_NEW(Pass, PASS, pos, AST_STMT);
  return result;
}

function Ast_Return *
ast_return(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *expr){
  AST_NEW(Return, RETURN, pos, AST_STMT);
  if(expr){
    assert(is_flag_set(expr->flags, AST_EXPR));
    result->expr = expr;
    result->expr->parent = result;
  }
  return result;
}

function Ast_If_Node *
ast_if_node(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *init, Ast_Expr *expr, Ast_Block *block){
  AST_NEW(If_Node, IF_NODE, pos, AST_STMT);
  result->block    = block;
  result->expr     = expr;
  result->init     = (Ast_Binary *)init;
  if(result->block) result->block->parent = result;
  if(result->expr) result->expr->parent = result;
  if(result->init) {
    assert(init->kind == AST_BINARY);
    result->init->parent = result;
  }
  return result;
}

function Ast_Array *
ast_array(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *expr){
  AST_NEW(Array, ARRAY, pos, AST_EXPR);
  result->expr = expr;
  if(result->expr) result->expr->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Enum_Member *
ast_enum_member(Token *pos, Intern_String name, Ast_Expr *default_value){
  AST_NEW(Enum_Member, ENUM_MEMBER, pos, AST_AGGREGATE_CHILD);
  result->name = name;
  result->value = default_value;
  if(result->value) result->value->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Enum *
ast_enum(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *typespec, Array<Ast_Enum_Member *> members){
  AST_NEW(Enum, ENUM, pos, AST_AGGREGATE);
  result->members = members.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  result->typespec = typespec;
  if(result->typespec) result->typespec->parent = result;
  For(result->members){
    it->parent = result;
  }
  return result;
}

function Ast_Struct *
ast_struct(Token *pos, Array<Ast_Var *> members, Array<Ast_Const *> const_members){
  AST_NEW(Struct, STRUCT, pos, AST_AGGREGATE);
  result->members = members.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  result->const_members = const_members.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  For(result->members) {
    assert(is_flag_set(it->flags, AST_BINDING));
    assert(it->kind == AST_VAR);
    it->parent = result;
  }
  For(result->const_members) {
    assert(is_flag_set(it->flags, AST_BINDING));
    assert(it->kind == AST_CONST);
    it->parent = result;
  }
  return result;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Declarations
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
function Ast_Var *
ast_var(Token *pos, Ast_Expr *typespec, Intern_String name, Ast_Expr *expr){
  AST_NEW(Var, VAR, pos, AST_BINDING);
  result->expr     = expr;
  result->typespec = typespec;
  result->name     = name;
  if(result->expr) result->expr->parent = result;
  if(result->typespec) result->typespec->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Const *
ast_const(Token *pos, Intern_String name, Ast_Expr *value){
  assert(is_flag_set(value->flags, AST_AGGREGATE) || is_flag_set(value->flags, AST_EXPR) );
  AST_NEW(Const, CONST, pos, AST_BINDING);
  result->value = value;
  result->name = name;
  result->value->parent = result;
  return result;
}

function Ast_Package *
ast_package(Token *pos, String name, Array<Ast_Named *> decls){
  AST_NEW(Package, PACKAGE, pos, 0);
  result->decls   = decls.tight_copy(pctx->perm);
  result->ordered = array_make<Ast_Named *>(pctx->perm, decls.len);
  result->name    = intern_string(&pctx->interns, name);
  For(result->decls) it->parent = result;
  return result;
}

//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Value
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
function Value
value_bool(B32 v){
  Value value;
  value.bool_val = v;
  value.type = untyped_bool;
  return value;
}

function Value
value_int(BigInt b){
  Value value;
  value.big_int_val = b;
  value.type = untyped_int;
  return value;
}

function Value
value_int(S64 s64){
  Value value;
  value.type = untyped_int;
  bigint_init_signed(&value.big_int_val, s64);
  return value;
}

function Value
value_float(F64 b){
  Value value;
  value.f64_val = b;
  value.type = untyped_float;
  return value;
}

function Value
value_float(BigInt a){
  Value value;
  value.f64_val = bigint_as_float(&a);
  value.type = untyped_float;
  return value;
}


//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Utillities
//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
function Ast_Struct *
const_try_getting_struct(Ast *ast){
  assert(ast->kind == AST_CONST);
  Ast_Const *constant = (Ast_Const *)ast;
  if(constant->value->kind == AST_STRUCT){
    return (Ast_Struct *)constant->value;
  }
  return 0;
}

function Ast_Struct *
const_get_struct(Ast *ast){
  auto result = const_try_getting_struct(ast);
  assert(result);
  return result;
}

function Ast_Lambda *
const_try_getting_lambda(Ast *ast){
  assert(ast->kind == AST_CONST);
  Ast_Const *constant = (Ast_Const *)ast;
  if(constant->value->kind == AST_LAMBDA){
    return (Ast_Lambda *)constant->value;
  }
  return 0;
}

function Ast_Lambda *
const_get_lambda(Ast *ast){
  auto result = const_try_getting_lambda(ast);
  assert(result);
  return result;
}

function Intern_String
ast_get_name(Ast *ast){
  assert(is_flag_set(ast->flags, AST_BINDING));
  auto constant = (Ast_Named *)ast;
  return constant->name;
}

function B32
ast_is_struct(Ast *ast){
  if(ast->kind == AST_CONST){
    auto a = (Ast_Const *)ast;
    B32 result = a->agg->kind == AST_STRUCT;
    return result;
  }
  return false;
}

function B32
is_ident(Ast *ast){
  B32 result = ast->kind == AST_IDENT;
  return result;
}

function B32
is_binary(Ast *ast){
  B32 result = ast->kind == AST_BINARY;
  return result;
}

function B32
is_atom(Ast *ast){
  B32 result = is_flag_set(ast->flags, AST_ATOM);
  return result;
}

function Ast *
query_struct(Ast_Struct *agg, Intern_String string){
  For(agg->members){
    if(it->name == string){
      return it;
    }
  }
  For(agg->const_members){
    if(it->name == string){
      return it;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

function Ast_Enum_Member *
query_enum(Ast_Enum *enu, Intern_String string){
  For(enu->members){
    if(it->name == string){
      return it;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}